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Maintaining Timber Windows A well-maintained wooden window is a crucial part of a historic building. It demonstrates in various degrees the materials and technologies, craftsmanship and architectural taste of the period from which it originates. If repairs are possible to existing windows are required, they should be done in situ. Repairing the worst areas of decay can be accomplished using proprietary resin-based systems. Durability Timber windows were built to last for hundreds of years. However, they need to be maintained to ensure that they look good and functioning properly. The most frequent maintenance tasks are repairs to sash-cords and re-tightening the sash pulleys and painting. There is also a growing demand for upgrading timber windows to increase energy efficiency. This can include replacing old glazing units, repairing the window rebates that are in place or installing new cills for improved air seal. A key problem with traditional windows is the damage caused by corrosion of the paintwork. This is especially important where sash windows are involved as the gaps between sashes can be very large. In these circumstances, water can penetrate the paint film and cause decay of the putty and the wood beneath. The rotting process can be made worse due to weather conditions that are poor. To stop this from happening, windows need to be regularly painted with an exterior wood paint. Corroded areas should be repaired using a resin-based product. This will ensure that the maximum amount of the original fabric is preserved. It is crucial to reduce the number of holes that are created into the frame in order to allow cable entry, as these can admit moisture and cause decay. The structural movement of the wall can also lead to distortions in the frame as well as the sash. This can lead to the sash not fitting properly, sticking or jamming in the opening, and damaged glazing. This is often corrected by putting in new sash frames constructed of slow-grown deal (pine) or oak. The cill should be made from a sturdy hardwood such as oak to prevent movement between the existing and new work. To reduce the risk to reduce the risk of this happening, there are a number of companies who make Boston pattern sash made of wood that can be fitted into most openings. They are available in a range of sizes and finishes that meet the needs of the modern homeowner. These sash are combined with quadruple draft strips and a more efficient thermal insulation, could significantly improve the energy-efficiency of a home. Aesthetics Many old timber windows have a high aesthetic value because they typically show, in a particular way the materials and techniques and architectural style of the time from which they date. They could also have a significant historical significance in their own right. This is especially true of early windows that were not glazed in timber-framed structures, where the majority were series of openings in frames of structural construction, which were divided horizontally by mullions with vertical iron or wood bars in order to protect against invaders. Traditional window joinery made of timber is a beautiful element of a structure and is crucial to maintain its appearance. It is essential that any decay resulting from the penetration of moisture should be immediately stopped once it is discovered. This is best accomplished by a thorough painting process, especially in areas where there has already been damage or degradation. It is recommended to use paints that are designed to be used in a system (primer undercoat and finish) and adhere to the manufacturer's recommendations for preparation and number coats at each stage. Wet rot is a typical issue in older timber windows. The best way to stop it growing is to eliminate sections that are damaged or rotten as soon as possible to prevent the spread of the fungus responsible for it. The replacement of wood that is rotting must be done with care with a slow-growing deal (pine) and, if possible using the same species as that which is being removed in order to prevent shifting between the new and old timbers. Glass became cheaper and more abundant during the late medieval period and into the 17th century. In the process, glazed openings on timber-framed houses became more complex with moulded mullions, wooden tracery and deep projecting cills. In the past, more often, the glass was laid within rebated frames and pinned in by 'glazing sprigs' rather than being inserted into lead cames. This method of glazing is not only less prone to leaks but also allows for much wider clearer, more transparent sheets of glass to be used in the windows than would have been possible without the need for leaded lights. Energy efficiency Traditional timber windows have excellent energy efficiency due to their thickness and multi-layer construction, as well as careful attention to detailing. They also feature large glass areas and projecting cills that minimise air infiltration. With secondary glazing and draughtproofing, the windows can be improved to increase their energy efficiency. However it is crucial to keep in mind that any such measures should be viewed in relation to the overall quality and appearance of the original window. As a result, retaining old windows that are in need of repair instead of replacing them is sensible, particularly when their thermal enhancements can be achieved economically through simple repairs and upgrades. The windows of the past often have an historic value that demonstrates a range of technological advances and changes in architectural taste. Most people think that these windows will have to be replaced in the near future. However, they can still provide service for 150, 200 or even 250 years if you take care of maintenance. It is important to recognise that the decay problems that are typical of windows made of timber can be avoided through regular maintenance and prompt repairs. It is also essential to spot damp issues and correct them swiftly so that you can avoid serious damage. pop over to these guys is a major issue, as it allows moisture to penetrate the wood and cause wet rot. This type of damage is typically not apparent until the paintwork is cracking or wavy however, it can cause serious structural damage and can lead to further decay. A high-quality paint will prevent this moisture from entering. It is also essential to keep the paintwork spotless in order to prevent condensation and the growth of mould. Modern synthetic paints can pose a problem since they are typically designed to be water-resistant and this may result in the formation of mildew inside the window frame. Most older windows were made from sapwood-rich timber. These timbers deteriorate quickly if exposed to rain, however they can be protected with a thorough preservation treatment before use. It is also crucial to ensure that the type of wood used is suited to the climate and site conditions, since these factors affect the durability of the joinery. Local window manufacturers produce a range of sash made of timber that can be customized to fit specific openings in historic buildings. They can be made to the standard Boston pattern dimensions or to custom dimensions that are compatible with the architectural style of historic buildings. Maintenance Regular inspections carefully redecorated, as well as timely repairs can prolong the lifespan of windows made of timber. The primary reason for the decay is moisture infiltration through deteriorated putty and paint. This can be avoided by thorough painting and using a good quality wood preservative. Repairs to old sash windows and window frames made of casement must be done with care and with the least amount of disruption. Repairs can be made to many traditional timber window designs without having to remove the frame. This should be done whenever possible. Peeling or loose paint should be removed carefully and lightly sanded to improve the key of the surface and allow for a better adhesion of the new coating. It is important to not remove old paint layers that may have historical significance. Where a section of timber is rotten, the best option is to remove the rotted material and replace it with spliced-in inserts that are shaped to match existing profiles. The inserted timber should also be treated using wood preservative. The junction between the masonry sub-cill and the timber cill should be sealed. Replacement of traditional windows using PVC-u can be a tempting option, especially when the installer provides a 'one stop shop' installation that takes care of removal and replacement in one day. It is crucial that installers of replacement windows are aware of the history and design of traditional timber frames. This will allow them to make appropriate recommendations for energy-efficiency improvements and other technological advancements that won't affect the appearance of an historic building. Those who provide replacement windows should be registered under a Competent Persons Scheme, such as FENSA. This will ensure that the replacements are deemed as a suitable solution in accordance with Building Regulations. It is, of course, possible for an experienced and skilled carpenter to install PVC-U windows that match the the building originally. This is especially true where windows are installed in listed buildings and conservation areas.